§ Knowledge · Grammar
The patterns that trip you up — and how to master them.
Chinese grammar is structured: 12 word classes, ~30 particle patterns, a small set of serial-verb constructions. Each point below isolates one pattern, with examples drawn from the same Knowledge Base that powers the daily tools.
15 grammar points
的 (de) — Possessive / structural particle
的 de — possessive particle
particleHSK 1
是 (shì) vs 有 (yǒu)
是 shì vs 有 yǒu — to be vs to have
verbHSK 1
量词 (Measure words)
Measure words: 个, 只, 条, 本, 张…
quantifierHSK 1
二 vs 两 (èr vs liǎng)
Two ways to say "two"
numberHSK 1
很 + 形容词 (hěn + adjective)
Why bare adjectives sound abrupt
adverbHSK 1
了 (le) — Completed action
了 le — completed action marker
particleHSK 1
在 vs 再 (zài vs zài)
At/in vs again
word-choiceHSK 2
的 / 地 / 得 (de)
The three de particles
particleHSK 2
不 vs 没(有) (bù vs méi)
Negating: habits vs past events
negationHSK 2
副词语序 (Adverb position)
也, 都, 就, 才 go before the verb
word-orderHSK 2
把字句 (bǎ sentence)
把 bǎ sentences — the disposal construction
sentence-patternHSK 3
趋向补语 (directional complements)
Directional complements — 来/去, 上来/下去, 出来/回去
complementHSK 3
结果补语 (resultative complements)
Resultative complements — 完, 好, 懂, 见, 到, 清楚
complementHSK 3
连...都/也 (lián... dōu/yě)
连 lián ... 都/也 — "even" emphasis
emphasisHSK 4
被字句 (bèi sentence)
被 bèi sentences — the passive construction
sentence-patternHSK 4