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不 vs 没(有) (bù vs méi) — Negating: habits vs past events

不 negates habits, facts, intentions and the future: 我不抽烟 (I do not smoke), 我明天不去 (I am not going tomorrow). 没(有) negates completed past events and possession: 我昨天没去 (I did not go yesterday), 我没钱 (I have no money).

negationHSK 2Difficulty 40
Where it goes
没(有) + verb for completed events: 他没来. 不 attaches to the intention/modal verb: 不想去, 不要.
What it does
  • 01不 — habits and general truths: 我不喝咖啡
  • 02不 — intention or refusal: 我明天不去
  • 03不 — before 想 / 要 / 会 / 能 / 可以: 我不想走, 他不会来
  • 04没(有) — completed past events: 我昨天没给他打电话
  • 05没(有) — possession: 我没有车
Common learner errors
  • 昨天我不去商店 → 昨天我没去商店 (a completed past event)
  • BUT 昨天我不想去 → correct as is: 不想 is intention, and intention keeps 不.
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