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的 (de) — Possessive / structural particle — 的 de — possessive particle

的 (de) is the most common Chinese character. It connects a modifier to a noun. It has no English equivalent — use it whenever a phrase describes or belongs to a noun.

particleHSK 1Difficulty 30
Where it goes
Modifier + 的 + Noun
What it does
  • 01possession (我的书 = my book)
  • 02modification (红色的车 = red car)
  • 03nominalization (吃的 = food [that is eaten])
Common learner errors
  • ⚠Forgetting 的 between adjective and noun
  • ⚠Using 的 instead of 地 or 得
Try it
这是我的书,那是他的笔。

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